The Global Approach to Financial Education

The Global Approach to Financial Education

Several countries, as follows, most of whom are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), have developed and implemented national strategies on financial literacy.

Australia: In 2005, the government established the Financial Literacy Foundation (FLF) to implement a national literacy strategy. The creation of FLF was a key recommendation put forth a year earlier by the country's Consumer and Financial Literacy Task Force.

The FLF worked to integrate financial literacy into the educational system; to develop resources and support for teachers; and to provide financial literacy materials for the workplace.

In July of 2008, all of FLF's functions were transferred to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, in order to consolidate the Australian government's financial literacy response under the Commission and to strengthen its role in safeguarding Australia's economic reputation and well-being.
Ireland: In 2007, the country's Financial Regulator embarked on a major study to assess the financial capability of Irish consumers. Largely based on the U.K. Financial Services Authority's survey, the face-to-face Irish survey took place between October 2007 and January 2008.
Although they were still in the early stages of their work, the regulator issued a Preliminary Report on Financial Capability in Ireland in June 2008. The final report has not yet been published. The broad objective of this work is to establish a baseline measure for financial capability, against which future research in this area can be compared.

Concurrently, under the supervision of their National Steering Group on Financial Education, Ireland has developed a Financial Competency Framework.

The Netherlands: Under the working title CentiQ, wijzer in geldzaken (Sensible with Money), around 40 partners from the financial sector, the government, information and consumer organizations and science, signed an agreement, in 2006, to work together on financial education. Together, the partners will carry out a strategic agenda that includes programs and projects aimed at improving the financial knowledge and skills of consumer and stimulating an active attitude, so that consumers can make conscious financial choices and become financially competent.

In 2007 and 2008, CentiQ carried out a number of studies and inventories in order to form a basis for the strategic agenda and the CentiQ Action Plan. All CentiQ programs are based on several strategic starting points, including:
•Household finances – These form the basis for all of the programs.

•Prevention is better than correction.

•The program is based on easily accessible and practical resources.

New Zealand: A Crown agency, the Retirement Commission, led the development of New Zealand's National Strategy for Financial Literacy, in 2008. The agency has also undertaken comprehensive "financial knowledge surveys", with the most recent being completed in 2009.
The New Zealand Retirement Commission also created Sorted (http://www.sorted.org.nz/), an independent government-funded organization dedicated to helping New Zealanders manage their personal finances, throughout their lives. In 2009 the Ministry of Education also took over all responsibilities for financial education in schools.

Singapore: The national financial education program, MoneySENSE, was launched in October 2003 to bring together industry and public sector initiatives in financial education, to create a long-term, sustainable program to enhance the basic financial literacy of Singaporeans.

The first National Financial Literacy Survey was conducted in March 2005. The survey found that, in general, Singaporeans have fairly healthy attitudes towards basic money management, financial planning and investment matters. Through its national MoneySENSE program, the Government of Singapore continues to support initiatives that enhance the basic financial literacy of consumers.

The United Kingdom: The Financial Services Authority adopted a National Strategy for Financial Capability in 2003. This strategy included a long-term, complex plan to target young people through new curricula, and savings accounts, to provide generic advice to the population at large, and to create new public programs for retirement savings.
Under the awareness portion of its National Strategy, the Authority has reached 8.4 million people, as of November 2009.

The United States: In 2006, the Financial Literacy and Education Commission created "Taking Ownership of the Future: The National Strategy for Financial Literacy". In addition to the 26 "calls to action" it published in its 2006 Strategy, the following year the Commission developed six new calls to action, where it wishes to concentrate its efforts.
In 2008, the President's Advisory Council on Financial Literacy was formed. In December 2009, the Departments of Treasury and Education outlined the first step in their efforts to promote financial capability among the nation's youth. Based on the findings of a new national financial capability survey, the National Financial Capability Challenge (http://www.challenge.treas.gov/) was created. This is a national award program, which aims to encourage financial education in schools across the country and recognize high-performing teachers, students and schools.

The OECD: In 2005, this 30-member group of countries published the first major international study on financial literacy.47 The study defined financial education, outlined the benefits of increased financial literacy and identified a life cycle of key decisions. In 2008, the OECD launched the International Gateway for Financial Education, which serves as the first global clearinghouse on financial education. It seeks to raise awareness; ensure a wide dissemination of research, best practices and guidelines; and build a worldwide network of government stakeholders on financial education.

Key Links

Australia

http://www.understandingmoney.gov.au/

Ireland

http://www.financialcapability.ie/

The Netherlands

http://www.wijzeringeldzaken.nl/

New Zealand

http://www.financialliteracy.org.nz/

Singapore*

http://www.moneysense.gov.sg/

The United Kingdom

http://www.fsa.gov.uk/financial_capability/

The United States

http://mymoney.gov/

The OECD

http://www.oecd.org/

From Leveraging Excellence: Charting a course of action to strengthen financial literacy in Canada

Financial Education in Schools

Adapted from an Australian Government report investigating Financial Literacy among women.

Financial literacy programmes in schools: This approach to improving financial literacy is advocated in Australia and internationally, by government and the business sector, because it reaches a large part of the population and is a means to teach basic concepts to young people before they face financial crises or have to make major financial decisions.


There is ongoing discussion about where in the curriculum financial studies ought to be incorporated: mathematics and personal development are two favoured learning areas. Also under discussion are questions of when financial education should start and what should be included (ASIC 2001). While discussions continue, government initiatives have begun in Australia, the USA, Canada and the UK.

Financial education in schools has the potential to allow young people the opportunities listed by the UK Financial Services Authority (1999):

•to develop numeracy, literacy and IT skills in the context of personal finance;

•to develop an understanding of the nature and use of money in its various forms, including credit and debt;

•to learn how to access, interpret, question and evaluate financial information and advice;

•to learn about the consequences of financial decisions and about consumer rights and responsibilities; and

•to learn how to weigh up risks and benefits in order to choose appropriate solutions to particular financial needs.

Such a suite of skills, they believe would equip young people to deal with financial situations as they arise.

One of the main limitations of financial education in schools is that students may have a limited interest in learning about things that have little immediate relevance to their lives. While they may be keen to learn about buying a car, they are unlikely to be interested in superannuation. Further, as the range of financial services and products continues to grow, it is not feasible for schools to provide comprehensive financial education.

The effectiveness of financial education in schools is also affected by limitations on time available and teachers expertise.

7 Quick Tips for Teaching Children About Money

Here is a video we have put together which suggests 7 Quick Tips to help teach children about money. We hope you enjoy it

Financial Education - who's responsibility?

The current financial crisis has sharpened the focus on the need for better financial education across all segments of the population. Just as information and guidance on healthy eating and exercise can prevent a lifetime of obesity, effective financial education, when started at an early age, can prevent chronic financial health problems later in life.

Where this education should take place is a matter of debate. Whether education and guidance of this sort would be more effectively shared by parents and families or taught formally as part of the school curriculum. Here we discuss some of the issues on both sides.

Schools

Financial literacy is an important element of preparing young people for adult life, which in turn is one of the main purposes of the education system. Lessons in money and financial matters can be integrated into many other existing subjects, such as mathematics, citizenship, PSHE and with some imagination into art, design and manufacturing based subjects.

Teachers have the skills of explanation, motivation and effective delivery. They also have access to resources, books and technology. Banks and other financial providers have programmes available to support teachers and schools.

Teaching financial literacy in schools guarantees a uniform, minimum of knowledge. Admittedly the quality and effectiveness may vary from school to school, region to region, yet a basic level of delivery can be assured.

Children are in a learning environment at school and therefore may be more receptive. Some parents may lack the necessary time, expertise or interest to teach their children about money. This may perpetuate a downward spiral, where a lack of awareness is passed from generation to generation.

Parents

At present few teachers have the necessary experience or knowledge to competently teach financial education. Consequently they may possibly pass on their own beliefs or bad habits concerning their own finances. The training and resourcing required to up skill teachers will take time and money.

School curricula are already crowded with mandatory content. New criteria can only be added at the expense of something else.

Regardless of where you are reading this, is the state in the best position to impose a financial education curriculum? Is the example of huge debt and continually spending more than your income a great example to follow? So too, many of the banks whose financial attitudes have heightened the current economic problems.

The financial world exists outside of the classroom and many would argue that so too lie the better opportunities for learning. Examples include taking children shopping, encouraging them to save and take part time jobs. Showing by example how to budget, pay bills and make financial decisions are far more real when experienced in context.

We should also consider the differing religious and moral beliefs of parents and communities. For some, the principle of tithing or giving 10% to church or charity is fundamental and may conflict with a school curriculum. Other families and traditions have very strong views on debt or use cooperative systems for providing within communities.

These are some of the main arguments in the financial education debate. A definite solution is not immediately clear, however what is evident is the need for some kind of change. Parents and in fact young people themselves can access a range of financial information from a whole host of providers. They need not wait for others to take the lead. Schools on the other hand should be encouraged to provide at least a minimum explanation of key information as a safety net for those unable to access the information for themselves.